Citation

Deconinck E, Ait-Kaci C, Raes A, Canfyn M, Bothy JL, Duchateau C, Mees C, De Braekeleer K, Gremeaux L, Blanckaert P. Drug Test. Anal. 2020; ePub(ePub): ePub.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2020, John Wiley and Sons)

DOI

10.1002/dta.2973

PMID

33197122

Abstract

More and more events, such as the summer music festivals, are considering the possibilities for implementing onsite testing of psychoactive drugs in the context of prevention and harm reduction. While the on-site identification is already implemented by plenty of drug checking services, the required rapid quantitative dosing of the composition of illicit substances is still a missing aspect for a successful harm reduction strategy at events. In this paper an approach is presented to identify white powders as amphetamine, cocaine, ketamine or others and to estimate the purity of the amphetamine, cocaine and ketamine samples using spectroscopic techniques hyphenated with Partial Least Squares (PLS) modelling. For identification purposes it was observed that mid-infrared spectroscopy hyphenated with PLS-Discriminant Analysis allowed the distinction between amphetamine, cocaine, ketamine and other samples and this with a correct classification rate of 93.1% for an external test set. For quantitative estimation near infrared spectroscopy was more performant and allowed the estimation of the dosage/purity of the amphetamine, cocaine and ketamine samples with an error of more or less 10% w/w. An easily applicable, practical and cost effective approach for onsite characterisation of the majority of the psychoactive samples encountered in Belgian night life settings, based on IR spectroscopy was proposed.

Language: en

Keywords

ATR-(N)IR; chemometrics; illicit drugs; mobile detection approaches