Citation

Kabiri S, Choi J, Shadmanfaat SMS, Lee J. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021; 18(7).

Copyright

(Copyright © 2021, MDPI: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute)

DOI

10.3390/ijerph18073387

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

Playing through pain and injury is a common and accepted behavior in the athletic realm. The purpose of this research was to apply Tittle's control balance theory to explain why athletes engage in playing through pain and injury despite its risky nature. We hypothesized that playing through pain and injury is a form of submission described by Tittle and that it can be predicted by the concept of control deficit. To this end, we collected and used data from a sample of 410 professional soccer players from Guilan province, Iran, and tested several propositions derived from control balance theory. Hierarchical linear regression was used to analyze the data. The study findings demonstrate that players with more control deficits are more likely to play through pain and injury. This relationship is conditioned by self-control, opportunity, motivation, perceived benefits, and provocations. For example, the relationship between control deficit and playing through pain and injury is stronger for those with lower self-control. Our findings support the utility of control balance theory in explaining an act of submission (i.e., playing through pain and injury).

Language: en

Keywords

control balance theory; playing through pain and injury; professional athletes