Citation

Litman T. Transp. Res. Rec. 1994; 1441: 134-140.

Copyright

(Copyright © 1994, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences USA, Publisher SAGE Publishing)

DOI

unavailable

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

The means by which bicycle promotion can be incorporated into transportation demand management (TDM) programs are examined. Bicycle transportation benefits are reviewed with respect to various transportation improvement goals, including reducing traffic congestion, alleviating air pollution, reducing parking demand, decreasing user costs, conserving energy, creating mobility for nondrivers, promoting health, and sustaining urban development. The potential of bicycling as a transportation mode is considered. Potential problems associated with increased bicycling and bicycle encouragement programs are examined. Specific bicycle transportation encouragement strategies are discussed and guidelines are provided for incorporating bicycling into TDM programs. Most conclusions also apply to walking as a means of transportation.

Language: en

Keywords

Costs; Management; Strategic planning; Decision making; Bicycles; Nonmotorized transportation; Parking; Highway traffic control; Urban planning; Air pollution control; Energy conservation; Noise pollution control