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Citation |
Virkler MR, Elayadath S. Transp. Res. Rec. 1994; 1438: 51-58. |
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Copyright |
(Copyright © 1994, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences USA, Publisher SAGE Publishing) |
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DOI |
unavailable |
PMID |
unavailable |
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Abstract |
Understanding the relationships among pedestrian speed, flow, and density is essential for improving the design and operation of pedestrian facilities. Seven established models relating speed to density for vehicular flow were tested against a set of pedestrian data. The seven models were Greenshields (single-regime linear), May's bell-shaped curve, Underwood's transposed exponential curve, Greenberg's modified exponential curve, Edie's discontinuous exponential form, two-regime linear, and three-regime linear. The evaluation procedure closely follows that developed by Drake, Schofer, and May in 1967. The study site was near the entrance to a pedestrian tunnel that caused a single, extensive queue. The walkway portion closest to the tunnel had a capacity equal to or slightly greater than the tunnel. Pedestrian demand at the location increased from near zero to over capacity and then returned to near zero. Flow parameters were derived from videotape. The performance of each model is described both by the results of statistical tests and by visual examination of the flow-density-speed curves. The three-regime linear model was not found to be statistically significant. Of the three one-regime models, the bell-shaped was judged to be superior to the Greenshields and Underwood models because of its better predictions of optimum density and optimum speed. Of the three two-regime linear models, the Edie was judged best on the basis of statistical tests and predictions of flow parameters. Since two distinct regimes were found, the Edie model was deemed to be the best model for this data set. Language: en |
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Keywords |
Mathematical models; Highway engineering; Performance; Roads and streets; Statistical methods; Density (specific gravity); Pedestrian tunnels |