Citation

Kim HHR, Menashe SJ, Ngo AV, Otjen JP, Maloney E, Iyer RS, Thapa M. Clin. Imaging 2021; 80: 249-261.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2021, Elsevier Publishing)

DOI

10.1016/j.clinimag.2021.07.010

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

The pediatric population is prone to unique upper extremity injuries that are not typically seen in adults. The normal dynamic maturation pattern of ossification centers and open physis can potentially confuse radiologists who are not familiar with the pediatric patients. In this review article, we discuss the normal anatomy and commonly encountered acute and chronic upper extremity injuries such as supracondylar distal humeral fracture and osteochondritis dissecans, in pediatric patients. Diagnosing the correct type of fracture (e.g., buckle vs Salter-Harris) is important for proper management of the injury. With an increasing number of adolescents participating in competitive sports, specific sports related injuries such as little league shoulder, gymnast wrist, and medial epicondyle apophysitis, are also discussed in this review. We examine late complications of injuries, such as physeal bar formation and fishtail deformity of the distal humerus.

Language: en

Keywords

Elbow fracture; Elbow OCD; Fishtail deformity; Little league shoulder; Physeal bar; Pseudo-Galeazzi; Trans-physeal fractures of the distal humerus