Citation

Arakawa T. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21(23): e7921.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2021, MDPI: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute)

DOI

10.3390/s21237921

PMID

34883924

Abstract

Drowsiness is among the important factors that cause traffic accidents; therefore, a monitoring system is necessary to detect the state of a driver's drowsiness. Driver monitoring systems usually detect three types of information: biometric information, vehicle behavior, and driver's graphic information. This review summarizes the research and development trends of drowsiness detection systems based on various methods. Drowsiness detection methods based on the three types of information are discussed. A prospect for arousal level detection and estimation technology for autonomous driving is also presented. In the case of autonomous driving levels 4 and 5, where the driver is not the primary driving agent, the technology will not be used to detect and estimate wakefulness for accident prevention; rather, it can be used to ensure that the driver has enough sleep to arrive comfortably at the destination.

Language: en

Keywords

autonomous driving; biometric information; driver monitoring; drowsiness; graphic information; vehicle behavior