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Journal Article

Citation

Matsuoka H, Yoshizawa A, Sakurai K. J. Jpn. Counc. Traffic Sci. 2021; 20(2): 9-17.

Vernacular Title

緊急車両の夜間視認性のHSB色空間を用いた性能評価について

Copyright

(Copyright © 2021, The Japanese Council of Traffic Science)

DOI

10.24597/jcts.20.2_9

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

Ambulances using retro-reflective materials are being put into practical use for the purpose of improving visibility at night. This study confirms the night visibility of such ambulances by an experiment using an actual vehicle. In the experiment, RGB data of images taken with a commercially available single-lens reflex camera were converted into the HSB color space and evaluated numerically. The HSB color space is similar to human sensibilities, and it is possible to numerically express subtle color differences.

Three types of vehicles are used in the experiment. 1: A vehicle with a red retroreflective material attached to the rear door only in a strip shape. 2: A vehicle with red retroreflective material attached in a strip shape on the side and rear doors of the vehicle body. 3: In addition to the belt-shaped reflectors on the side and rear doors of the vehicle, white and red Battenberg markings are applied to the side of the vehicle, and red and yellow chevron markings are applied to the rear door. This Battenberg marking and chevron marking vehicle was introduced at the Northern Alps Wide Area Fire Department in Nagano Prefecture and is actually in operation, so it is the subject of this study. A low beam of a general passenger car is emitted from a position 40 m away, and the images are taken with a digital camera near the driverʼs seat. The vehicle to be inspected makes an angle of 0°, 45°, 90° with respect to the projection optical axis. From the obtained images, the white and red of the Battenberg marking and the red and yellow of the chevron marking are analyzed in the HSB color space, and the average hue, saturation, and brightness of each part are quantified.

The experimental results revealed the following. (1) Battenberg marking and chevron marking using a retroreflective material make it easy to recognize a vehicle facing 45 degrees even with a low beam from a distance of 40 meters. (2) By expressing the RGB observation image in the HSB color space, the reflection characteristics of the marking can be quantified. By this method, the effect of marking can be evaluated numerically, and it is considered that it can contribute to the spread of new marking.

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救急車等緊急自動車の夜間の視認性向上を目的とした、再帰性反射材を用いたバッテンバーグマーキングやシェブロンマーキングの効果について実車を用いて検証している。プリズム型再帰性反射材をバックドアのみに帯状に貼付した車両、プリズム型再帰性反射材を車体周囲に帯状に貼付した車両、およびビーズ型再帰性反射材で車体サイドと後部ドアにバッテンバーグマーキング、およびシェブロンマーキングを施し、さらに車体周囲にプリズム型反射材を帯状に貼付した車両を用意し、およそ40m離れた地点からハイビームおよびロービームで照射して、そのときの様子をCCDカメラで撮影している。それらの画像に対して、定性的および定量的な評価を加えた。定量的な評価では、CCD画像のRGBカラーモデルをHSB色空間に変換し、反射材の白、赤と黄色それぞれを色相、彩度、明度の3要素から評価した。  定性的には、再帰性反射材を用いることによって、一般車両では認識が困難となる40m離れた位置からのロービーム照射であっても車両認識が可能で、バッテンバーグマーキングなど、ある程度の面積をもたせることはとくに有効であることを示した。また定量的には、画像をHSB色空間で表すことによって、光の当たり方などによる微妙な色の違いをグラフ上に表すことができ、マーキングの効果を検証する方法として有効であることを確かめた。


Language: ja

Keywords

Battenberg Marking; emergency vehicle; HSB; HSB色空間; RGB; visibility; バッテンバーグマーキング; 視認性; 緊急自動車

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