Citation

Boutte AM, Thangavelu B, Anagli J. Front. Neurol. 2022; 13: e941151.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2022, Frontiers Research Foundation)

DOI

10.3389/fneur.2022.941151

PMID

35903122

PMCID

PMC9315433

Abstract

Concussion, often referred to as mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), is a bump or blow to the head that causes damage to the brain. An invisible wound is often not observed (https://www.cdc.gov/headsup/basics/concussion_whatis.html) (1). Concussed patients may experience loss of consciousness, dizziness, headaches, blurred vision or tired eyes (2, 3), ringing in the ears, bad taste in the mouth, fatigue or lethargy, a change in sleep patterns, behavioral or mood changes, trouble with memory, and slowed reaction time (4, 5). These symptoms may occur acutely or persist for years.

Subconcussion or concussion may occur as the result of high impact sports, like soccer (6), football (7), rugby (8), and gymnastics (9). This injury also occurs due to falls, automobile accidents, and domestic abuse (10, 11), which is vastly understudied. Another source of subconcussion is due to low level overpressure (LLOP) exposure, which occurs when the pressure in air exceeds that of normal atmospheric levels. Exposure is common among specially trained military or law enforcement personnel due to explosives or weapons use within controlled environments. LLOP exposure may also occur within civilian populations who are victims of terrorist bombings...

Language: en

Keywords

concussion; mild traumatic brain injury; biomarker; amyloid beta; blast; subconcussion