Citation

Banks PJ, Bennett PJ, Sekuler AB, Gruber AJ. Front. Integr. Neurosci. 2022; 16: e884080.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2022, Frontiers Research Foundation)

DOI

10.3389/fnint.2022.884080

PMID

36081608

PMCID

PMC9445243

Abstract

When the outcome of a choice is less favorable than expected, humans and animals typically shift to an alternate choice option on subsequent trials. Several lines of evidence indicate that this "lose-shift" responding is an innate sensorimotor response strategy that is normally suppressed by executive function. Therefore, the lose-shift response provides a covert gauge of cognitive control over choice mechanisms. We report here that the spatial position, rather than visual features, of choice targets drives the lose-shift effect. Furthermore, the ability to inhibit lose-shift responding to gain reward is different among male and female habitual cannabis users. Increased self-reported cannabis use was concordant with suppressed response flexibility and an increased tendency to lose-shift in women, which reduced performance in a choice task in which random responding is the optimal strategy. On the other hand, increased cannabis use in men was concordant with reduced reliance on spatial cues during decision-making, and had no impact on the number of correct responses. These data (63,600 trials from 106 participants) provide strong evidence that spatial-motor processing is an important component of economic decision-making, and that its governance by executive systems is different in men and women who use cannabis frequently.

Language: en

Keywords

cannabis; sex differences; addiction; choice; executive control; habit; lose-shift; spatial processing