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Journal Article

Citation

Soares FC, Stahnke DN, Levandowski ML. Rev. Panam. Salud Publica 2022; 46: e212.

Vernacular Title

Tendencia de las tasas de suicidio en Brasil, 2011–2020, con especial atención a la pandemia de COVID-19

Copyright

(Copyright © 2022, Organizacion Panamericana de la Salud (PAHO))

DOI

10.26633/RPSP.2022.212

PMID

36569581

PMCID

PMC9767242

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To describe the trends in suicide rates in Brazil from 2011 to 2020 and determine whether these rates are associated with COVID-19 pandemic-related variables.

METHOD: This ecological time series study analyzed mortality from suicide with a focus on 2020, the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The suicide mortality rate per 100,000 population was the primary outcome. The trends in suicide rates were estimated using generalized Prais-Winsten regression. An autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was used to predict suicide rates in 2020. The association between suicide rates and death rates from COVID-19, unemployment, receiving emergency financial aid, and rates of social distancing was investigated.

RESULTS: From 2011 to 2020, 115 469 deaths by suicide were recorded in Brazil (60.5 deaths/100 000 population). The suicide rate in 2020 was 6.68/100 000 population. An increasing trend in suicide rates was observed from 2011 to 2020 in both sexes, with annual percent change of 0.23 (95%CI: 0.141; 0.322) in women; and 1.19 (95%CI: 0.714; 1.810) in men. Mortality by suicide increased in all regions, with the highest increase recorded in the South. There was no evidence of increase in deaths by suicide in relation to the expected number during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.

CONCLUSIONS: Suicide rates increased for both sexes and in all Brazilian states. In the first pandemic year, the number of deaths by suicide did not increase in relation to the expected number, with a stability trend during the months of 2020.

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Objetivo. Descrever a tendência das taxas de suicídio no Brasil de 2011 a 2020 e determinar a associação dessas taxas com variáveis relacionadas à pandemia de covid-19. Métodos. Este estudo ecológico de série temporal analisou a mortalidade por suicídio com destaque para 2020, primeiro ano da pandemia. A taxa de mortalidade por suicídio/100 mil indivíduos foi o desfecho primá- rio. A tendência das taxas de suicídio foi calculada por regressão generalizada de Prais-Winsten e a previsão das taxas de suicídio em 2020 utilizou o modelo Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA). Inves- tigou-se a associação entre taxas de suicídio e taxas de mortes por covid-19, desemprego, recebimento de auxílio financeiro emergencial e taxas de distanciamento social. Resultados. De 2011 a 2020, foram registrados 115 469 suicídios no Brasil (60,5 óbitos/100 mil habitantes). A taxa de suicídio em 2020 foi de 6,68/100 mil habitantes. A tendência das taxas de suicídios de 2011 a 2020 apresentou alta em ambos os sexos, com variação percentual anual de 0,23 (IC95%: 0,141; 0,322) em mulheres; e de 1,19 (IC95%: 0,714; 1,810) em homens. A mortalidade por suicídio cresceu em todas as regi- ões, com maior alta no Sul. Não houve evidências de recrudescimento dos suicídios em relação ao número esperado durante o primeiro ano da pandemia de covid-19. Conclusões. As taxas de suicídios cresceram em ambos os sexos e em todos os estados brasileiros. No primeiro ano da pandemia não houve aumento de suicídios em relação ao número esperado, com tendência estável durante os meses de 2020.


Language: pt

Keywords

Brazil; Suicide; mortality; COVID-19

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