Citation

Bernardini G, Romano G, Soldini L, Quagliarini E. Sustain. Cities Soc. 2021; 70: e102876.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2021, Elsevier Publishing)

DOI

10.1016/j.scs.2021.102876

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

Riverine Historic Built Environments (HBEs) in urban centres are relevant scenarios for flood risk, due to the compact layout of their outdoor spaces, that are squares and streets, and their position in flood-prone areas. Differences in HBE layout can provide differences in flood risks, but excluding the response of exposed individuals can lead to risk underestimation or overestimation, as for other hazards. This work is a first attempt to compare how accounting or not pedestrian evacuation behaviours can affect flood risk assessment and emergency strategies evaluation. Parametric configurations of typical HBEs are provided on case-studies, and existing tools for hydrodynamic and pedestrian evacuation simulation are applied to them. Risk indexes for the whole HBE (macroscale) and each outdoor space (microscale) in it are provided.

RESULTS show how the risk indexes trends accounting or not pedestrian evacuation behaviours are similar if considering the macroscale, while differences at the microscale exist (about 15 % in absolute terms). Concerning emergency strategies, sheltering seems to decrease the risk for the whole HBE up to 33 % in comparison to leaving the flood-affected area.

RESULTS also support where/how to place gathering areas in the HBE.

Language: en

Keywords

Emergency management; Evacuation simulation; Flood; Historic built environment; Risk assessment; Risk index; Simulator; Drowning