Citation

Reveles-Gómez LC, Luna-García H, Celaya-Padilla JM, Barría-Huidobro C, Gamboa-Rosales H, Solís-Robles R, Arceo-Olague JG, Galván-Tejada JI, Galván-Tejada CE, Rondon D, Villalba-Condori KO. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23(17): e7559.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2023, MDPI: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute)

DOI

10.3390/s23177559

PMID

37688015

Abstract

In recent years, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the automotive industry has led to the development of intelligent systems focused on road safety, aiming to improve protection for drivers and pedestrians worldwide to reduce the number of accidents yearly. One of the most critical functions of these systems is pedestrian detection, as it is crucial for the safety of everyone involved in road traffic. However, pedestrian detection goes beyond the front of the vehicle; it is also essential to consider the vehicle's rear since pedestrian collisions occur when the car is in reverse drive. To contribute to the solution of this problem, this research proposes a model based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) using a proposed one-dimensional architecture and the Inception V3 architecture to fuse the information from the backup camera and the distance measured by the ultrasonic sensors, to detect pedestrians when the vehicle is reversing. In addition, specific data collection was performed to build a database for the research. The proposed model showed outstanding results with 99.85% accuracy and 99.86% correct classification performance, demonstrating that it is possible to achieve the goal of pedestrian detection using CNN by fusing two types of data.

Language: en

Keywords

sensors; backward pedestrian detection; convolutional neural networks (CNN); distances; reverse camera