Citation

Jordaan ER, Atkins S, van Niekerk A, Seedat MA. J. Saf. Res. 2005; 36(3): 269-280.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2005, U.S. National Safety Council, Publisher Elsevier Publishing)

DOI

10.1016/j.jsr.2005.03.006

PMID

16038934

Abstract

Problem: Responding to the lack of standardized instrumentation, especially as applied in low-income contexts, the researchers decided that an instrument should be developed to serve as an evaluation tool for a childhood (unintentional) injury prevention program as well as a tool from which injury risks (poisonings, burns and falls) could be identified within households. Methods: Cross-sectional samples of 521 households in four low-income sites in Cape Town and Johannesburg, South Africa, participated in the three phases of the study. The generation of an item pool based on a table of specifications, subsequent scientific item reduction procedures, reviews from experts and pilot tests were used to develop the scales for measuring the injury risks. Results: The developed instrument complies with all the requirements for a valid and reliable measurement instrument. Conclusion: The instrument allows valid comparison of risks between communities, as well as before and after comparisons for an intervention program. Impact: The provision of this instrument may bring enormous benefits to research studies. It can also provide proactive, rather than reactive, information about injury risks before they develop into injuries and thus allows focusing of safety efforts for improvement of problematic areas in the households.