Citation

Turan S, Dutton DG. J. Aggress. Confl. Peace Res. 2010; 2(3): 4-15.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2010, Emerald Group Publishing)

DOI

10.5042/jacpr.2010.0332

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

Several historical examples are given that indicate that people taken prisoner appear to psychically freeze and/or become compliant to their captors, even when death at the captors' hands is imminent and when small numbers of captors make escape a real possibility. It is argued that: freezing is a normative response to apparently inescapable capture; ‘escapability’ of capture is underestimated as a result of freezing; and rebellion is rare. Psychological theories of this psychic freezing include: 1) social psychological explanations of learned helplessness in prisoners; 2) trauma reactions of dissociation and numbing; and 3) studies from affective neuroscience suggesting freezing is a brain response to a perceived inescapable attack and may be related to hiding.