Citation

Trumbull D. J. Am. Acad. Psychoanal. Dyn. Psychiatry 2008; 36(4): 643-660.

Affiliation

Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University, USA. dtrumbull@hsc.wvu.edu

Copyright

(Copyright © 2008, American Academy of Psychoanalysis and Dynamic Psychiatry, Publisher Guilford Publications)

DOI

10.1521/jaap.2008.36.4.643

PMID

19113959

Abstract

Humiliation, triggered by sensed insult, is hypothesized as a traumatic stimulus and the driving force of a goal-directed survival response that includes predictable emotional appraisals, and motivational or behavioral responses. Because these responses appear automatic and obligatory, they are most likely innately planted as a survival mechanism. Sensitive to developmental experience, these psychobiological responses can be intensified or modulated by social learning.

Language: en