Citation

Squadrito GL, Postlethwait EM, Matalon S. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 2010; 299(3): L289-300.

Affiliation

1University of Alabama at Birmingham.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2010, American Physiological Society)

DOI

10.1152/ajplung.00077.2010

PMID

20525917

PMCID

PMC2951076

Abstract

Industrial and transport accidents, accidental releases during recreational swimming pool water treatment, household accidents due to mixing bleach with acidic cleaners, and in recent years, usage of chlorine during war and in acts of terror, all contribute to the general and elevated state of alert with regard to chlorine gas. We here describe chemical and physical properties of Cl(2) that are relevant to its chemical reactivity with biological molecules, including water-soluble small molecular weight antioxidants, aminoacid residues in proteins, and amino-phospholipids such as phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine that are present in the lining fluid layers covering the airways and alveolar spaces. We further conduct a Cl(2) penetration analysis in order to assess how far Cl(2) can penetrate the surface of the lung before it reacts with water or biological substrate molecules. Our results strongly suggest that Cl(2) will predominantly react directly with biological molecules in the lung epithelial lining fluid (ELF), such as low molecular weight antioxidants, and that the hydrolysis of Cl(2) to HOCl (and HCl) can be important only when these biological molecules have been depleted by direct chemical reaction with Cl(2). The results from this theoretical analysis are then used for the assessment of the potential benefits of adjuvant antioxidant therapy in the mitigation of lung injury due to inhalation of Cl(2) and are compared to recent experimental results.

Language: en